The Connection Between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction

People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This article explores the link between diabetes and heart health, explaining how high blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and lead to heart disease. It also discusses strategies for managing diabetes to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications, including monitoring blood sugar, maintaining a healthy diet, and regular exercise.

1. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

• Example: John, a 45 - year - old man, has consistently high blood pressure readings, averaging around 150/90 mm Hg. Over time, this elevated pressure damages the blood vessels, making them stiffer and less elastic. This leads to an increased workload on the heart, raising the risk of heart attack and stroke. Regular monitoring and medication, along with lifestyle changes like reducing salt intake, can help manage his blood pressure and reduce his CVD risk.

2. High Cholesterol

• Example: Mary, a 50 - year - old woman, has been diagnosed with high LDL (bad) cholesterol levels. LDL cholesterol can accumulate in the walls of arteries, forming plaques that narrow and harden the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This restricts blood flow to the heart and can lead to a heart attack. By incorporating a diet low in saturated fats and trans fats, along with regular exercise, Mary can lower her LDL levels and protect her heart health.

3. Smoking

• Example: Steve, a 40 - year - old smoker, has been smoking a pack of cigarettes daily for the past 20 years. Smoking damages the lining of the arteries, leading to the build - up of fatty material (atheroma) which narrows the artery. This process can result in coronary artery disease, increasing Steve’s risk of heart attack. Quitting smoking would significantly reduce his risk of CVD and improve his overall health.